ABSTRACT
Resumo O objetivo do estudo é analisar problemas morais e/ou éticos vivenciados por membros de comitês de ética em pesquisa durante suas atividades e as estratégias utilizadas para solucionar esses problemas. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com participação de 39 membros que atuavam em comitês em Salvador/BA, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em outubro de 2020 por questionário on-line autoaplicado na plataforma Google Forms. Os resultados evidenciaram: vivências de conflitos de interesses e de valores, bem como dilemas; e utilização de trocas de experiências e compartilhamento de ideias e opiniões como estratégias para solucionar esses problemas. Conclui-se que os membros desses comitês vivenciam problemas morais e/ou éticos e buscam solucioná-los por meio de estratégias que favorecem o desenvolvimento de pesquisas conforme critérios éticos e metodológicos adequados.
Abstract The objective of the study is to analyze moral and/or ethical issues experienced by members of research ethics committees when performing their activities and the strategies used to deal with those issues. This is a qualitative study with 39 individuals that participated in committees in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Data were collected in October 2020 using a self-administered online questionnaire developed using Google Forms. Results showed that participants underwent conflicts of interests and values, and also faced dilemmas, and the strategies used to deal with those issues were exchanging of experiences and sharing of ideas and opinions. It is concluded that members of such committees experience moral and/or ethical issues and seek to deal with them via strategies that favor the development of research according to appropriate ethical and methodological criteria.
Resumen El objetivo del estudio es analizar los problemas morales o éticos experimentados por los miembros de los comités de ética de investigación durante sus actividades y las estrategias que utilizan para resolver dichos problemas. Se trata de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, con la participación de 39 miembros que actuaban en comités en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Los datos se recopilaron en octubre del 2020 por medio de un cuestionario en línea autoadministrado en la plataforma Google Forms. Los resultados mostraron experiencias de conflictos de intereses y valores, así como dilemas; y el intercambio de experiencias, ideas y opiniones como estrategias para solucionar dichos problemas. Se concluye que los miembros de estos comités experimentan problemas morales o éticos y tratan de solucionarlos mediante estrategias que favorezcan el desarrollo de investigaciones de acuerdo con criterios éticos y metodológicos adecuados.
Subject(s)
Conflict of Interest , Ethics Committees, Research , Ethics, Research , Committee Membership , Prisoner DilemmaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Renal failure is common among older patients with sickle cell disease; this is preceded by subclinical glomerular hyperfiltration. Data about renal function of adults with sickle cell disease have been reported, but data on children is scarce, especially when comparing heterozygotic and homozygotic patients. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the glomerular filtration rate of heterozygotic and homozygotic children with sickle cell disease. METHODS The glomerular filtration rate of 11 children with sickle cell disease [7 homozygotic (SS) and 4 heterozygotic (SC)] with a mean age of 11 years (standard deviation: ± 5 years) was evaluated using standard laboratory techniques. Results are presented as descriptive analysis. RESULTS Our results suggest that glomerular hyperfiltration is present in children with sickle cell disease; this is more evident in homozygotic than heterozygotic children. CONCLUSION There is evidence of a need to monitor the renal function of children with sickle cell disease when special attention should be paid to homozygotic patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , alpha-Thalassemia , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Child , Glomerular Filtration Barrier , Hemoglobin H , Hemoglobin SC Disease , Hemoglobin, SickleABSTRACT
Background: The study of mental disablement characterization in Brazil is rare, specially in Northeast. Methods: A questionnaire has been applied in 32.73% of the institutionalized mental disabled' families in Jequié - BA. Data analysis have been done using descriptive statistics. Results: The individuals are 14.34 ± 7.55 years old and sex ratio of 0.38 (1F:2.6M). The average parental age was 38 ± 12.01 years old for the fathers and 29.87 ± 8.31 years old for the mothers. Existence of family history of mental disablement and congenitals defects in 27.78% and 5.56% (respectively) of the analyzed cases. Discussion: The predominance of males should be explained by various types of mental disablement associated to X chromosome. From the studied sample, it is not too obvious the relation between high parental age and mental disablement occurrence. The familiar recurrence of mental disablement and congenital defects is higher than in others studies. Conclusion: The analyzed data reinforce the need to investigate the genetic factors related to mental disablement and the perform cytogenetic tests of the individuals and their parents, for genetic counseling.
ABSTRACT
The African descent population of the Bananal community in the Brazilian state of Bahia (BA) was characterized as a genetic isolate and analyzed for some short tandem repeat (STR) microsatellite autosomic polymorphic loci (CSF1PO, TH01, TPOX, F13A1, FESFPS and vWA). These genetic variants were further compared to data obtained from an urban sample from the town of Jequié (BA) regarding demographic and anthropogenetic aspects. The Bananal sample comprised 32 unrelated individuals whereas Jequié was represented by 76 individuals. The Bananal Negroid Phenotypic Index (NPI) was 0.98 and the Negroid Cultural Index (NCI) 0.24. Consanguineous marriages occurred at a frequency of 34.61 percent and the F value was 0.0126. All six loci studied were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (p > 0.05). The genotypic and allele frequencies of the CSF1PO and vWA loci were similar. In the Bananal population the genic diversity of the THO1 locus was 66.8 percent and that of the F13A1 locus was 83.7 percent. The estimated ethnic racial admixture was 81 percent African and 19 percent Amerindian. The multiple correlation coefficient (R²) indicated adequate adaptation (99 percent). Total genetic variation for the six loci was 82.9 percent with an index of 6.7 percent for population subdivision (G ST' = 0.067). Anthropologic data and results obtained from the allele frequencies of the loci studied are indicative of a genetic isolate in Bananal, reminiscent of the a 'quilombo community' (i.e. one founded by run away slaves).
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Black People , Brazil/ethnology , Microsatellite Repeats , Genetics, Population , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Um total de 982 casais de Salvador, BA, foi classificado de acordo com sobrenome, nível educacional, ocupaçäo, religiäo (passada e presente), raça e consangüinidade. Verificou-se uma tendência geral para a homogamia com referência a todos os ítens, exceto sobrenomes. Uma vez que os sobrenomes estäo associados à raça, esse fato mostra que a populaçäo está mais próxima da panmixia - quando se consideram características näo relacionadas à cor e aos traços fisionômicos - do que seria sugerido apenas pela consideraçäo da homogamia racial. Algumas preferências heterogâmicas, relativamente à raça, também foram verificadas (cada categoria de homem com a categoria mais próxima e mais clara de mulher; mulheres mulatas claras com homens brancos). A freqüência de casamentos consangüíneos diminui à medida em que aumenta a mistura negra; esse fato pode ser devido a diferenciais socioeconômicos. O grau de endocruzamento mostra uma queda com o tempo na populaçäo geral